Shreyas Shah , Aniruddh Solanki , Pijus K. Sasmal , and Ki-Bum Lee *

Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States

^*Correspondence to Ki-Bum Lee

Abstract
Achieving a controlled and reproducible means to direct stem cell differentiation is the single most critical concern scientists have been trying to address since the discovery of stem cells. In this regard, the use of small molecules and RNA interference offers unique advantages by targeting different cellular mechanisms. Our cyclodextrin-modified dendritic polyamine construct (termed DexAM) combines the unique properties of two distinct chemical moieties in a single delivery vehicle. DexAM is a single vehicle that not only solubilizes hydrophobic small molecules in physiological solutions but also forms complexes with siRNA molecules, making it an attractive delivery system for controlling stem cell differentiation. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of DexAM to simultaneously deliver hydrophobic small molecules and siRNA into neural stem cells to significantly enhance their neuronal differentiation.